Dual training and work-based learning in the BSR
A survey on innovation in the BSR concudcted in 2013 and a specified survey on dual training in 2014 very clearly demonstrated the need for more dual trainings models / work-based learning for companies in the Baltic Sea Region. The ideal combination of training in a company and education at school (instead of only school education) fight youth unemployment, while at the same time providing the skills the companies seek. This does not only help to overcame the growing skills mismacth, but allows to increase innovation and entrepreneurship in the region. In some countries dual training models exist, while they majority of countries is highly interested to implement it, but needs additional support. Also, there is no one size fits all model, but the concept needs to be adapted to the national laws on education. However, all ministries seem to agree on the necessity.The Hanse Parlament is currently finalising a BSR Seed Money project, with the overall objective to develop these kind of urgenly needed trainings in the Baltic Sea Region.
If you are interested in the topic, this selection of recent research articles and commission papers on EU level but also from national perspectives might be of interest:
Brzozowski, J., & Surdej, A. 2014. The Directions of the Development of the VET System in Poland, EN RLMM Working Paper Series No. 1, 28p.
http://www.regionallabourmarketmonitoring.net/rlmm-pdf/ENRLMMWorkingPaperSeriesNo201401.pdf
Buligina, I., Putans, R., Sloka, B. 2014. Coherence of Work Based Learning and Regional Development in Latvia. Economics & Business, 25.
https://eb-journals.rtu.lv/article/view/eb.2014.003/502
Cahuc, P., Carcillo, S., Rinne, U., & Zimmermann, K. F. (2013). Youth unemployment in old Europe: the polar cases of France and Germany. IZA Journal of European Labor Studies, 2(1), 18.
http://www.izajoels.com/content/2/1/18/
Cedefop 2014, Europen Centre for the Development of Vocational Training, Skill mismatch: more than meets the eye, Note March 2014.
http://www.cedefop.europa.eu/EN/publications/22524.aspx
COM 2013b, European Commission 2013, Work-based learning in Europe, Policy and Policy Pointers, June 2013, p. 37 (very good overview)
http://ec.europa.eu/education/opportunities/vocational/documents/work-based-learning-in-europe_en.pdf
Courtney, J., Long, J., & Hall, D. 2013. Work-based learning partnerships: a case of learning and talent management intervention for developing future leaders and managers. HR Bulletin: Research and Practice, 8(2), 13-18, http://eprints.port.ac.uk/14341/1/Work_Based_Learning_Partnership.pdf
Dombrovsky, V. 2009. Is anything wrong with higher education in Latvia?. Baltic Journal of Economics, (1), 05-24.
http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/1406099X.2009.10840459
Dolphin, T., Ayres, S., Balaram, B., Parker, I., & Eliot, S. 2014. States of transition: youth unemployment, education and labour market policy in Europe and the US, 84 p.
http://www.ippr.org/assets/media/publications/pdf/States-of-transition_Apr-2014.pdf
Euler, D. (2013). Germany’s dual vocational training system: a model for other countries. Bertelsmann Stiftung, Gütersloh.
http://chance-ausbildung.de/uploads/tx_itao_download/2013_Study_German_VET_System.pdf
Holzer, H. J., Lerman, R. I. 2014. Work-based learning to expand jobs and occupational qualifications for youth. Full employment, Center for budget and policy priorities, 10 p.
http://www.pathtofullemployment.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/04/holzerlerman.pdf
Huq, A., & Gilbert, D. H. 2013. Enhancing graduate employability through work-based learning in social entrepreneurship: A case study. Education+ Training, 55(6), 550-572.
www.researchgate.net/publication/256487720_Enhancing_graduate_employability_through_work-based_learning_in_social_entrepreneurship_A_case_study/file/72e7e5284324a2e7ed.pdf
Kornecki, J. 2012. Strategic, Tactical and Operational Considerations for Academia Involvement Into Work-Based Learning–Results From WBLQUAL, an EU Funded Project. Proceedings of 5th International Conference of Education, Research and Innovations–ICERI2012, Madrid, Spain 19-21.
http://wblqual.com/perch/resources/poland-madrid-paper.pdf
Lettmayr, Christian F. 2013, Vocational education and training in Lithuania, CEDEFOP Publication, 50 p.,
http://www.cedefop.europa.eu/EN/Files/4128_en.pdf
Lettmayr, Christian F. 2012, From education to working life: the labour market outcomes of vocational education and training. CEDEFOP Publication, 96 p.
http://www.cedefop.europa.eu/EN/Files/3063_en.pdf
Light, B., & Hartmann, E. 2010, Promoting Innovation by Work Based Learning, 77p.
http://www.internationalmonitoring.com/fileadmin/Downloads/Trendstudien/TS_Hartmann_Light_engl.pdf
NRP 2012, National reform program for Lithuania 2012 http://ec.europa.eu/europe2020/pdf/nd/nrp2012_lithuania_en.pdf
Nickolaus R., Gschwendtner T., Geißel B. (2009), “Social inequality as an enduring phenomenon of general and vocational education – characteristics in the Federal Republic of Germany and international perspectives”, CEDEFOP European Journal of vocational training, No 46 – 2009/1 http://www.cedefop.europa.eu/EN/Files/EJVT47_en.pdf
Nunez, I., Livanos, I. 2010. Higher education and unemployment in Europe: an analysis of the academic subject and national effects. Higher Education, 59(4), 475-487. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/1087/1/WRAP_Nunez_0670999-150709-he_full_version.pdf
Pavlovaite, I. 2012. Can the german system of dual training be used to enhance the apprenticeship system in Lithuania ?, Mutual Learning Programme 2012, Perr country comments paper Lithuania, 11 p.
http://ec.europa.eu/social/BlobServlet?docId=10762&langId=en
Piecha, J., Wescott, C. G. 2014. The challenges for European governments in addressing youth unemployment. International Public Management Review, 15(1). http://www1.imp.unisg.ch/org/idt/ipmr.nsf/ac4c1079924cf935c1256c76004ba1a6/5091c5293a76458ec1257d26006ef6ad/$FILE/3_Piecha%20and%20Wescott_IPMR_Volume%2015_Issue%201.pdf
Spöttl, G., & Windelband, L. 2013. Innovations in Vocational Education and Training–a Successful Paradigm Shift within the Dual System in Germany, Institut Technik und Bildung, 34 p. http://www.pedocs.de/volltexte/2013/7737/pdf/Spoettl_Windelband_2013_Innovations_VET.pdf